CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Introduction

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Introduction

Congenital heart diseases are abnormalities of cardiac struc - ture that are present from birth. Such developmental abnor - malities of the heart typically arise in the third to eighth week - of gestation. The first operation for congenital heart disease was patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation b y Gross in 1938. With the development of neonatal CPB, improved myocardial protection and microsurgical techniques, an increasing number of corrective and palliative operations are possible.