46 Burns

ADDITIONAL ASPECTS OF TREATING THE BURNED PATIENT Analgesia Acute Analgesia is a vital part of b...

ADDITIONAL ASPECTS OF TREATING THE BURNED PATIENT Analgesia Acute Analgesia is a vital part of b...

ADDITIONAL ASPECTS OF TREATING THE BURNED PATIENT Analgesia Acute Analgesia is a vital part of b...

ASSESSMENT OF THE BURN WOUND Assessing size The defining feature of any burn referral and usually...

Breathing Inhalational injury Time is a major factor; anyone trapped in a fire for more than a cou...

Burn prevention Legislation, health promotion and appliance design have reduced the incidence of...

Burn size calculation: children The body proportions of children necessitate adjustment of the a...

Changes to the intestine The inflammatory stimulus and shock can cause microvascular damage and is...

Chemical injuries There are over 70 /uni00A0 000 di ff erent chemicals in regular use within indus...

Cold injuries Cold injuries are principally divided into two types: acute cold injuries from indu...

Colloid resuscitation The most commonly used colloid is human albumin solution. Plasma proteins a...

Crystalloid resuscitation Hartmann’s solution or Ringer’s lactate is the most commonly used cryst...

Danger to peripheral circulation In full-thickness burns, the collagen fibres are coagulated. The ...

Delayed reconstruction and scar management Delayed reconstruction of burn injuries is common for...

Energy balance and nutrition Any adult with a burn greater than 15% (10% in children) of TBSA has...

Escharotomy Circumferential full-thickness burns to the limbs and torso require emergency surgery...

FLUID RESUSCITATION As the understanding of ‘fluid shifts’ developed, the intro - duction of flui...

FURTHER READING Australian and New Zealand Burn Association. Emergency management of severe burn...

Group A burns: superficial dermal partial-thickness burns There are two key concepts for managing ...

Group A burns: superficial dermal partial-thickness burns There are two key concepts for managing ...

Group B burns: full-thickness and deep dermal burns The management of the burn wound remains the...

Group B burns: full-thickness and deep dermal burns The management of the burn wound remains the...

Hospital care The principles of managing an acute burn injury follow the advanced trauma life su...

Hypertonic saline Hypertonic saline is used in some centres; it produces hyper osmolality and hyp...

IMMEDIATE CARE OF THE BURN PATIENT Prehospital care Good prehospital care is essential in ensurin...

IMMEDIATE CARE OF THE BURN PATIENT Prehospital care Good prehospital care is essential in ensurin...

INFLAMMATION AND CIRCULATORY CHANGES The circulatory changes initiated by a burn injury are compl...

INJURY TO THE AIRWA Y AND LUNGS Burns can also damage the airway and lungs, with life-threat enin...

INJURY TO THE SKIN Burns cause a multisystem injury , but by far the most common organ a ff ecte...

Incidence and mechanism of burn injury The incidence of burn injury varies greatly among countri...

INTRODUCTION The last 50 years have seen great strides made to reduce both morbidity and mortalit...

Ionising radiation injury These injuries can be divided into groups depending on whether radiatio...

Learning objectives To assess: The area and depth of burns in adults and • children The requireme...

Metabolic poisoning Incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials may produce /uni00A0 carbon m...

Monitoring and control of infection Patients with major burns steadily become immunocom - promise...

Monitoring of resuscitation Although fluid resuscitation has defined guidelines it is critical to u...

NON-THERMAL BURN INJURY Electrical injuries Electrical injuries are usually divided into low- and...

Nursing care Burns patients require particularly intensive nursing care. Nurses are the primary e...

OTHER LIFE-THREATENING EVENTS WITH MAJOR BURNS The immune system and infection The inflammatory ch...

OTHER LIFE-THREATENING EVENTS WITH MAJOR BURNS The immune system and infection The inflammatory ch...

Physiotherapy and occupational therapy All burns cause swelling, especially burns to the hands. E...

Psychological A major burn is an overwhelming event, outside the normal experience, which stretch...

RECENT ADVANCES Advanced technology , newer drugs and skin substitutes are the major advances in ...

Surgical treatment Early versus staged full-thickness burn excision Opinion varies on the timing ...

Temperature management When undergoing burn assessment and fluid resuscitation it is vital that th...

The use of skin grafts and skin substitutes Until very recently , the early definitive closure of ...