38 T_h e upper limb

Acquired abnormalities History Patients usually associate the onset of their symptoms with an un...

Arthritis of the elbow Rheumatoid arthritis Surgery may be required, especially in end-stage dise...

Arthritis of the shoulder Rheumatoid arthritis The glenohumeral joint is commonly involved in rhe...

Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis presents with classic symptoms: morning sti ff...

Avascular necrosis of carpal bones Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the lunate (Kienböck’s diseas...

Classification of glenohumeral instability /uni25CF Traumatic : unidirectional; involuntary; surge...

Clinical history and physical examination History Asking about the patient’s occupation, hobbies ...

Compressive neuropathies Median nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome) The majority of cases of carpal tu...

Congenital abnormalities Sprengel’s shoulder The commonest congenital abnormality is due to abnor...

Congenital malformations There are many congenital malformations of the upper limb and these are...

DISORDERS OF THE ELBOW Anatomy and function The elbow joint allows flexion and extension through t...

De Quervain’s disease De Quervain’s disease is caused by tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis l...

Dislocation of the shoulder and instability of the glenohumeral joint Three broad groups of shou...

Dislocation of the shoulder and instability of the glenohumeral joint Three broad groups of shou...

Dupuytren’s contracture Dupuytren’s contracture is most often characterised as an autosomal domin...

FURTHER READING Burden EG, Batten TJ, Smith CD et al . Reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a systemati...

Ganglion cysts Ganglion cysts are the commonest cause of a swelling in the hand and they are fou...

HAND AND WRIST The hand and wrist work in concert to interact with the environment in which they ...

Infections Paronychia Nail bed infection is the most common hand infection ( Figure 38.45 ). Aft...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

Investigations Radiographs can be used to assess for arthritis or bone tumours. Electrophysiologi...

Learning objectives To understand: Anatomy and physiology relevant to upper limb • pathology Lear...

Long head of biceps tendon rupture Rupture of the long head of biceps usually occurs in older a...

Loose bodies in the elbow The common causes are osteoarthritis, osteochondritis disse - cans in t...

Olecranon bursitis This is a relatively common disorder in which the point of the elbow becomes ...

SHOULDER GIRDLE Anatomy and function The shoulder girdle (clavicle, scapula and the humerus, whic...

TUMOURS OF THE UPPER LIMB Tumours are discussed in Chapter 42 . TUMOURS OF THE UPPER LIMB Tumours...

Tendon disorders Trigger digit Triggering occurs in the fingers or in the thumb as a result of a ...

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) These are discusse...

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) These are discusse...

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) These are discusse...

Ulnar nerve compression Compression of the ulnar nerve most commonly occurs in the cubital tunnel...