FURTHER READING

FURTHER READING

Barwell JR, Davies CE, Deacon J et al. Comparison of surgery and compression with compression alone in chronic venous ulceration (ESCHAR study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 1857–60. Brittenden J, Cotton SC, Elders A et al. Clinical e ff ectiveness and cost e ff ectiveness of foam sclerotherapy , endovenous laser ablation and surgery for varicose veins: results from the Comparison of LAser, Surgery and foam Sclerotherapy (CLASS) randomised controlled trial. Health T echnol Assess 2015; 19 (27): 1–342. Carradice D, Mekako AI, Mazari FA et al. Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation compared with conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg 2011; 98 (4): 501–10. Carradice D, Mekako AI, Mazari FA et al . Clinical and technical outcomes from a randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation compared with conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg 2011; 98 (8): 1117–23. Carradice D, Wallace T , Gohil R, Chetter I. A comparison of the e ff ectiveness of treating those with and without the complications of superficial venous insu ffi ciency . Ann Surg 2014; 260 (2): 396–401. Coleridge-Smith P , Labropoulos N, Partsch K et al. Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs: UIP consensus statement. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31 : 83–92. Comerota AJ, Kearon C, Gu CS, et al . Endovascular thrombus removal for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. Circulation 2019; 1162-73. Gohel MS, Epstein DM, Davies AH. Cost-e ff ectiveness of traditional and endovenous treatments for varicose veins. Br J Surg 97 (12): 1815–23. Gohel MS, Heatley F , Liu X et al . A randomized trial of early endovenous ablation in venous ulceration. N Engl J Med 378 : 2105–114. Lurie F , Passman M, Meisner M, et al . The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards. J Vasc Surg Venous 363 : - Lymphat Disord 2020; 8 (3): 342-52. Erratum in: J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2021; 9 (1): 288. Michaels JA, Campbell WB, Brazier JE et al . Randomised clinical trial, observational study and assessment of cost-e ff ectiveness of the treatment of varicose veins (REACTIV trial). Health T echnol Assess 2006; 10 (13): 1–196. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Venous thromboembolism in over 16s: reducing the risk of hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism . NICE Guideline 89. London: NICE, 2018. Available from https://www .nice.org.uk/guidance/ 2006; ng89. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Varicose veins: diagnosis and management . NICE Guideline 168. London: NICE, 139 (9): 2013. Available from https://www .nice.org.uk/guidance/cg168. Shalhoub J, Lawton R, Hudson J et al . Graduated compression stockings as an adjuvant to pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis in 2010; elective surgical patients (GAPS study): randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2020; 369 : m1309. ‘VEIN’ supplement. Phlebology 2015; 30 (2 suppl): 3–52. 2018; Watson L, Broderick C, Armon MP . Thrombolysis for acute deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; Issue 11, Art. No. CD002783.

Figure 62.40 (a) Venous angioma of the leg; (b) magnetic resonance imaging showing extensive angioma (white) throughout the super /f_i cial tissues and anterior and posterior compartments of the left leg in a different patient. Figure 62.41 Inferior vena cava containing a /f_i lling defect from a leiomyosarcoma (arrow).