Other common forms of orchitis

Other common forms of orchitis

Mumps orchitis, which is the most common form of orchitis, - develops in 20–30% of postpubertal patients with a mumps virus infection and it usually develops as the parotid swelling is waning. Evidence of immunoglobulin M antibodies in the serum supports the diagnosis. The main complication is testicular atrophy , which may cause infertility if the condition is bilateral. Partial testicular atrophy is associated with persistent testicular pain. Syphilitic orchitis is now uncommon. It can cause bilat - eral orchitis (which is a feature of congenital syphilis), inter - stitial fibrosis (which causes painless destruction of the testis) or, rarely , a gumma of the testis (which presents as a unilateral slowly growing painless swelling). The last presentation may be di ffi cult to distinguish from a neoplasm without surgical explo - ration. Diagnosis is confirmed by serology .