88 Kidney transplantation and the principles of tr

Acute antibody-mediated rejection Acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occurs in <5% of renal...

Acute cell-mediated rejection In the era of modern immunosuppressive drugs, the incidence of ac...

Antigen presentation in transplantation There are two main types of antigen presentation to T ly...

Antiproliferative agents (azathioprine and mycophenolic acid) These drugs are antiproliferative a...

Calcineurin inhibitors (ciclosporin and tacrolimus) The calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the mai...

Corticosteroids These are potent anti-inflammatory agents that have wide-ranging e ff ects on the i...

Delayed renal allograft function DGF is defined as the need for dialysis in the first 7 days post t...

Donation after circulatory death Donation after circulatory death describes the recovery of organ...

Dual kidney transplantation This involves the transplantation of a pair of marginal quality kid...

Early postoperative course Accurate fluid and electrolyte balance are maintained with the help of ...

Evaluation of the deceased donor The absolute contraindications to organ donation include active ...

FURTHER READING Bolton EM, Bradley JA. Principles of transplant immunology and immunosuppressive...

HLA matching Allograft rejection is directed against human leukocyte anti gens (HLAs). These are ...

Hyperacute rejection Hyperacute rejection is extremely rare. It can result from an inadvertent AB...

Hypothermic machine perfusion The transplant organ is placed in a sterile chamber and cold preser...

IMMUNOLOGY OF TRANSPLANT REJECTION ABO blood groups ABO blood group antigens are glycoproteins wi...

IMMUNOSUPPRESSION Modern immunosuppression is so e ff ective that acute rejec - tion rates of 10–...

Immunosuppressive regimen for renal transplantation Immunosuppression for renal transplantation g...

INTRODUCTION Successful solid organ transplantation represents one of the great medical advances...

KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION End-stage renal disease The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) i...

Learning objectives To recognise and understand: The immunological basis of allograft rejection •...

Living donation Living kidney donation is possible because most individuals have two healthy kidn...

Living donor kidney transplantation This accounts for approximately 1000 kidney transplants annu ...

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors The mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and everolimus act ...

Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy Laparoscopic surgery is now widely established and there are...

Normothermic machine perfusion Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) utilises the prin - ciples of...

Normothermic regional perfusion This technique has been developed for donation after circu latory...

ORGAN DONATION Donation after brainstem death Brainstem death occurs after severe brain injury as...

ORGAN PRESERVATION Transplant organs need to be stored and preserved in the period between procur...

Outcomes after renal transplantation Patient and graft survivals vary according to donor type and...

RENAL TRANSPLANT SURGERY Preparation of the donor kidney The donor kidney must be examined and pr...

Rationale for kidney transplantation Kidney transplantation improves life expectancy and quality...

Renal transplant operative technique The donor kidney is transplanted heterotopically into one of...

Renal transplantation in children In children with established renal failure, kidney transplanta ...

Selection of patients for transplantation Potential transplant recipients undergo a rigorous wor...

Static cold storage Hypothermia suppresses metabolism to maintain organ viability . The first requ...

Surgical complications of renal transplantation Haemorrhage A haematoma may develop in the transp...

TRANSPLANT REJECTION Allograft rejection can be divided into distinct types. - -

The immune response to a transplanted organ The main immune cells involved in transplant immunolo...