Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Abdominal symptoms are a frequent cause for surgical consul tation. The underlying cause may be acute, presenting with the euphemistically termed ‘acute abdomen’; subacute, indicating an evolving disorder; or longstanding, suggesting a functional or degenerative condition. Occasionally symptoms are due to disorders outside the abdomen, in which case the ter ‘referred’ is used; for example, epigastric pain experienced as a result of a myocardial infarction. At first presentation, a detailed clinical history and care ful clinical examination are essential to establish a di ff erential diagnosis, which, in turn, leads to appropriate triage into urgent and non-urgent investigation and subsequent treatment. The advent of telemedicine and online remote consulta tion does not alter the basic art and science of consultation; however, the inability to perform a ‘physical’ examination may hamper arrival at a proper diagnosis. In suc h a scenario, a patient should be asked to come for a face-to-face consulta tion, physical examination and necessary investigations. It is vital to not miss a potentially seriously illness that needs urgent attention.