29 T orso and pelvic trauma

ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME AND THE OPEN ABDOMEN Raised intra-abdominal pressure has far-reach...

ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME AND THE OPEN ABDOMEN Raised intra-abdominal pressure has far-reach...

ANTIBIOTICS IN TORSO TRAUMA There is no level 1 evidence to recommend the use of antibiotics for...

Anatomy The surgical anatomy of the pelvis is key to the understanding of pelvic injuries. /uni...

Biliary injuries Isolated traumatic biliary injuries are rare and occur mainly from penetrating t...

CRITICAL PHYSIOLOGY Resuscitation of all injuries to the chest and abdomen should follow the lat...

Classification Pelvic ring fractures can be classified into three types, using - the Tile classifica...

Clinical examination Pelvic fractures should be easily identified if ATLS guidelines are followed...

Colon Blunt injuries to the colon are relatively infrequent; penetrating injuries occur more ofte...

Computed tomography scan CT has become the ‘gold standard’ for the intra-abdominal diagnosis of i...

DAMAGE CONTROL Following major injury , protracted surgery in the physio logically unstable patie...

Damage control resuscitation The concept of damage control has been broadened to include the tec...

Diagnosis Radiograph Examination of a plain radiograph of the pelvis requires an understanding ...

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is a test rarely used in modern-d...

Duodenum Duodenal injury is frequently associated with injuries to the adjoining pancreas. Like t...

EMERGENCY THORACIC SURGERY Emergency thoracic surgery is an essential part of the arma - mentari...

Emergency department thoracotomy or sternotomy Emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) should be r...

INDIVIDUAL ORGAN INJURY Liver Blunt liver trauma occurs as a result of direct injury . The liver...

INJURY MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH TORSO TRAUMA Injury consistently traverses di ff erent anatomi...

INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY Interventional radiology can be useful in the management of torso trauma...

Immediate life-threatening injuries Airway obstruction Early intubation is very important, partic...

INTRODUCTION Injury seldom respects anatomical boundaries, hence the divi sion of the body into ...

Investigation Routine investigation in the emergency department of injury to the chest is based ...

Junctional zones The key junctional zones are: ). /uni25CF between the neck and the thorax; /uni2...

Laparoscopy Laparoscopy or thoracoscopy may be a valuable screening investigation in physiologica...

Learning objectives To understand: The importance of physiology over anatomy in the • management ...

Management The operative management of liver injuries can be summarised as ‘the four Ps’: /uni25...

Planned emergency thoracotomy Planned emergency thoracotomy implies an emergency thora cotomy per...

Potentially life-threatening injuries Thoracic aortic disruption Traumatic aortic rupture is a co...

Rectum Approximately 5% of colon injuries involve the rectum. These are generally from a penetrat...

Renal and urological tract injury In physiologically non-compromised patients, CT scanning with c...

Retroperitoneum Injury to the retroperitoneum is often di ffi cult to diagnose, especially in the p...

Small bowel The small bowel is frequently injured as a result of blunt trauma. - The individual...

Spleen Splenic injury occurs from direct blunt trauma. Most isolated splenic injuries, especially...

Stomach Most stomach injuries are caused by penetrating trauma. Blood presence is diagnostic if ...

Summary In summary , a haemodynamically normal patient can be safely transferred for stabilisatio...

THE PEL VIS Although mortality following severe pelvic fractures has decreased dramatically with ...

THORACIC INJURY Thoracic injury accounts for 25% of all severe injuries. In a - further 25%, it ...