URINARY INCONTINENCE

URINARY INCONTINENCE

Urinary incontinence refers to the involuntary leakage of urine. It can be classified into several di ff erent subtypes based on the circumstances leading to episodes of leakage. /uni25CF Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) refers to invol - untary leakage on e ff ort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing. /uni25CF Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) refers to in - voluntary leakage accompanied by or immediately preced - - ed by urgency (a sudden compelling desire to pass urine which is di ffi cult to defer). /uni25CF Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) refers to invol - untary leakage associated with urgency and also with exer - - tion, e ff ort, sneezing or coughing. /uni25CF Continuous urinary incontinence refers to the continuous involuntary loss of urine (this warrants investi - gation for anatomical pathology such as ectopic ureter or fistula from the ureter, bladder or urethra to the vagina). - /uni25CF Nocturnal enuresis refers to involuntary leakage during sleep. /uni25CF Incontinence associated with chronic urinary retention refers to leakage in conditions where the blad - der does not empty completely . /uni25CF Functional incontinence refers to leakage that results from an inability to reach the toilet because of cognitive, functional or mobility impairments in the presence of an intact LUT system. /uni25CF Overactive bladder (OAB) refers to symptoms of urgency with or without UUI, usually with frequency and nocturia. It can be neurogenic (secondary to a neurological condition) or idiopathic (without identifiable cause). Urinary incontinence can occur in isolation, but more commonly is associated with other LUTS. The International Continence Society classifies LUTS based on the phase of the micturition cycle in which they occur, as storage (frequency , urgency , nocturia), v oiding (hesitancy , slow stream, inter - mittency , straining to void, splitting of the stream, terminal dribble) and post micturition (feeling of incomplete emptying, postmicturition dribble).