BONE TUMOURS

BONE TUMOURS

Tumours found in bone are classified according to their morphological appearances. These include: /uni25CF metastatic carcinomas; may show histological features of their tissue of origin; James Ewing , 1866–1943, Professor of Pathology , Cornell University Medical College, New Y ork, NY , USA, described this type of sarcoma in 1921. Sir James Paget , 1814–1899, surgeon, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK, described osteitis deformans in 1877. /uni25CF haematopoietic tumours; e.g. myeloma; /uni25CF osteogenic tumours; e.g. osteosarcoma; /uni25CF chondrogenic tumours; e.g. chondrosarcoma; /uni25CF ) others; e.g. Ewing’s sarcoma. Osteosarcoma has two age incidence peaks: one in ado - lescence and the other later in life. Osteosarcomas in older patients usually arise in association with Paget’s disease, osteo - necrosis or after radiotherapy treatment. Ewing’s sarcoma occurs in adolescence, whereas the incidence of c hondro - sarcoma increases from middle age onwards. Some conditions are associated with an increased likeli hood of developing malignant tumours in bone and/or cartilage ( Table 42.1 ).

(b) Figure 42.4 (a, b) Sclerotic osteosarcoma of the distal femur in a child (arrows).

Figure 42.5 (a) Chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus with multiple calci /f_i cations. involvement. (c) Excised chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus. (a) (c) Figure 42.6 (a) Chondrosarcoma of the foot. (b) Computed tomography scan reconstruction showing multiple calci /f_i cations. magnetic resonance imaging scan shows high signal in the chondrosarcoma. (b) Magnetic resonance imaging scan showing extensive (b) (d) (c) T2-weighted (d) Excised chondrosarcoma of the foot.

Figure 42.7 Pathological fracture through a primary chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus. TABLE 42.1 Conditions associated with an increased risk of malignant disease in bone and cartilage. High risk Moderate risk Low risk Hereditary multiple Chronic Maffucci syndrome exostoses osteomyelitis (enchondromatosis and angiomas of soft tissue) Ollier’s disease Polyostotic Paget’s Osteonecrosis (enchondromatosis) disease Radiation osteitis Fibrous dysplasia, Familial osteogenesis retinoblastoma imperfecta, syndrome osteoblastoma and chondroblastoma

BONE TUMOURS

Tumours found in bone are classified according to their morphological appearances. These include: /uni25CF metastatic carcinomas; may show histological features of their tissue of origin; James Ewing , 1866–1943, Professor of Pathology , Cornell University Medical College, New Y ork, NY , USA, described this type of sarcoma in 1921. Sir James Paget , 1814–1899, surgeon, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK, described osteitis deformans in 1877. /uni25CF haematopoietic tumours; e.g. myeloma; /uni25CF osteogenic tumours; e.g. osteosarcoma; /uni25CF chondrogenic tumours; e.g. chondrosarcoma; /uni25CF ) others; e.g. Ewing’s sarcoma. Osteosarcoma has two age incidence peaks: one in ado - lescence and the other later in life. Osteosarcomas in older patients usually arise in association with Paget’s disease, osteo - necrosis or after radiotherapy treatment. Ewing’s sarcoma occurs in adolescence, whereas the incidence of c hondro - sarcoma increases from middle age onwards. Some conditions are associated with an increased likeli hood of developing malignant tumours in bone and/or cartilage ( Table 42.1 ).

(b) Figure 42.4 (a, b) Sclerotic osteosarcoma of the distal femur in a child (arrows).

Figure 42.5 (a) Chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus with multiple calci /f_i cations. involvement. (c) Excised chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus. (a) (c) Figure 42.6 (a) Chondrosarcoma of the foot. (b) Computed tomography scan reconstruction showing multiple calci /f_i cations. magnetic resonance imaging scan shows high signal in the chondrosarcoma. (b) Magnetic resonance imaging scan showing extensive (b) (d) (c) T2-weighted (d) Excised chondrosarcoma of the foot.

Figure 42.7 Pathological fracture through a primary chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus. TABLE 42.1 Conditions associated with an increased risk of malignant disease in bone and cartilage. High risk Moderate risk Low risk Hereditary multiple Chronic Maffucci syndrome exostoses osteomyelitis (enchondromatosis and angiomas of soft tissue) Ollier’s disease Polyostotic Paget’s Osteonecrosis (enchondromatosis) disease Radiation osteitis Fibrous dysplasia, Familial osteogenesis retinoblastoma imperfecta, syndrome osteoblastoma and chondroblastoma

BONE TUMOURS

Tumours found in bone are classified according to their morphological appearances. These include: /uni25CF metastatic carcinomas; may show histological features of their tissue of origin; James Ewing , 1866–1943, Professor of Pathology , Cornell University Medical College, New Y ork, NY , USA, described this type of sarcoma in 1921. Sir James Paget , 1814–1899, surgeon, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK, described osteitis deformans in 1877. /uni25CF haematopoietic tumours; e.g. myeloma; /uni25CF osteogenic tumours; e.g. osteosarcoma; /uni25CF chondrogenic tumours; e.g. chondrosarcoma; /uni25CF ) others; e.g. Ewing’s sarcoma. Osteosarcoma has two age incidence peaks: one in ado - lescence and the other later in life. Osteosarcomas in older patients usually arise in association with Paget’s disease, osteo - necrosis or after radiotherapy treatment. Ewing’s sarcoma occurs in adolescence, whereas the incidence of c hondro - sarcoma increases from middle age onwards. Some conditions are associated with an increased likeli hood of developing malignant tumours in bone and/or cartilage ( Table 42.1 ).

(b) Figure 42.4 (a, b) Sclerotic osteosarcoma of the distal femur in a child (arrows).

Figure 42.5 (a) Chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus with multiple calci /f_i cations. involvement. (c) Excised chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus. (a) (c) Figure 42.6 (a) Chondrosarcoma of the foot. (b) Computed tomography scan reconstruction showing multiple calci /f_i cations. magnetic resonance imaging scan shows high signal in the chondrosarcoma. (b) Magnetic resonance imaging scan showing extensive (b) (d) (c) T2-weighted (d) Excised chondrosarcoma of the foot.

Figure 42.7 Pathological fracture through a primary chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus. TABLE 42.1 Conditions associated with an increased risk of malignant disease in bone and cartilage. High risk Moderate risk Low risk Hereditary multiple Chronic Maffucci syndrome exostoses osteomyelitis (enchondromatosis and angiomas of soft tissue) Ollier’s disease Polyostotic Paget’s Osteonecrosis (enchondromatosis) disease Radiation osteitis Fibrous dysplasia, Familial osteogenesis retinoblastoma imperfecta, syndrome osteoblastoma and chondroblastoma