INJURY

INJURY

There are several factors that prolong the acute-phase response to injury ( Table 1.1 ) and keep the patient in a - catabolic state. Other factors can exacerbate or compound the metabolic stress response both in elective surgery and in the emergency setting. These include anaesthesia, dehydra - tion, starvation (including preoperative fasting), acute medical illness, frailty , chronic diseases or even severe psychological stress ( Figure 1.7 ) . Attempts to limit or contr ol these factors can also be beneficial to the patient. Summary box 1.8 Avoidable factors that compound the metabolic re - sponse to injury during elective surgery /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF

Continuing haemorrhage/volume loss Hypothermia Tissue oedema Tissue underperfusion Starvation Immobility

INJURY

There are several factors that prolong the acute-phase response to injury ( Table 1.1 ) and keep the patient in a - catabolic state. Other factors can exacerbate or compound the metabolic stress response both in elective surgery and in the emergency setting. These include anaesthesia, dehydra - tion, starvation (including preoperative fasting), acute medical illness, frailty , chronic diseases or even severe psychological stress ( Figure 1.7 ) . Attempts to limit or contr ol these factors can also be beneficial to the patient. Summary box 1.8 Avoidable factors that compound the metabolic re - sponse to injury during elective surgery /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF

Continuing haemorrhage/volume loss Hypothermia Tissue oedema Tissue underperfusion Starvation Immobility

INJURY

There are several factors that prolong the acute-phase response to injury ( Table 1.1 ) and keep the patient in a - catabolic state. Other factors can exacerbate or compound the metabolic stress response both in elective surgery and in the emergency setting. These include anaesthesia, dehydra - tion, starvation (including preoperative fasting), acute medical illness, frailty , chronic diseases or even severe psychological stress ( Figure 1.7 ) . Attempts to limit or contr ol these factors can also be beneficial to the patient. Summary box 1.8 Avoidable factors that compound the metabolic re - sponse to injury during elective surgery /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF

Continuing haemorrhage/volume loss Hypothermia Tissue oedema Tissue underperfusion Starvation Immobility