Non-endourological surgical management

Non-endourological surgical management

Open surgery such as pyelolithotomy and anatrophic nephro lithotomy is reserved for complex and infected stones with anatomical abnormalities. High-risk stone formers should be advised to follow preventive measures to reduce recurrence. General measures advised to all patients include: /uni25CF fluid intake of more than 2.5 litres per day; /uni25CF dietary calcium should not be restricted; supplemental cal - cium, if necessary , should be taken at meal times; /uni25CF reduce intake of animal protein and salt.