31 Maxillofacial trauma

CLASSIFICATION OF FACIAL INJURIES Bony injury Maxillofacial bone fractures can be divided into se...

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT History The history should include the mechanism of injury , past medical his...

Dental injuries The first permanent teeth usually erupt around the age of 6 /uni00A0 years; usuall...

EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT Maxillofacial injuries that require hospital attendance are c...

Examination Primary survey The primary survey is aimed at protection of the airway , control of ...

FURTHER READING Brennan PA, Schliephake H, Ghali GE, Cascarini L. Maxillofacial surgery , 3rd edn...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

Investigations The nature of the injury sustained will determine the specific investigations requ...

Isolated nasal and nasoethmoidal fractures Isolated nasal bone fractures are common, and the full...

Learning objectives To understand and identify potentially life-threatening • injuries to the fac...

Mandibular fractures Fractures of the mandible are common in the context of facial injury and m...

Orbital fractures Orbital fractures may be isolated or more commonly occur in conjunction with zy...

Panfacial fractures Combined fractures involving multiple levels such as the mandible, maxilla, z...

SPECIFIC INJURIES Soft-tissue injuries Lacerations Soft-tissue injuries of the face are a result...

Soft-tissue injury Lacerations are a result of crushing injuries where the soft tissues are comp...

Zygomatic fractures Zygomatic (cheek/malar) bone fractures are often the result of blunt trauma ...