Clinical manifestations

Clinical manifestations

The principal symptoms of IHD are chest pain or angina, breathlessness, fatigue, peripheral oedema, palpitations and syncope. The severity of symptoms and the extent to which the symptoms interfere with everyday activities and quality of life are important aspects of the clinical history . An assessment of risk factors should be included. Clinical examination follows and, although often normal, any evidence of myocardial isch aemia such as new murmurs or heart sounds associated with heart failure or stigmata of associated disease, such as diabetes or peripheral vascular disease, should be noted. Summary box 59.4 Risk factors for IHD /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF

Smoking Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Family history of IHD Advancing age Obesity Male gender Reduced physical activity Hyperlipidaemia