Staging of primary bone tumours

Staging of primary bone tumours

In the Enneking system, benign tumours are staged as: /uni25CF latent (e.g. osteochondroma); /uni25CF active (e.g. osteoid osteoma); /uni25CF aggressive (e.g. giant cell tumour).

covered incidentally . Active lesions, such as osteoid osteoma, present with mild symptoms and continue to grow . Aggressive lesions tend to grow rapidly and destroy bone. The Enneking staging system f or malignant tumours combines the local extent of the tumour and the histological grade ( Table 42.4 ). The compartment is the bone in which the tumour arises. A tumour is extracompartmental when it has breached the corte x of the bone. Most primary malignant bone tumours are Enneking stage 2B at diagnosis, meaning they have extended outside the bone of origin but metastases are not detectable. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stag ing system is also widely used. Summary box 42.7 Warning signs – bone tumour /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF

TABLE 42.4 The Enneking staging system for bone tumours. Low grade Intracompartmental 1A Extracompartmental 1B High grade Intracompartmental 2A Extracompartmental 2B Any grade Metastases 3 Non-mechanical bone pain Especially around the knee in young adolescents Concerning radiographs

Staging of primary bone tumours

In the Enneking system, benign tumours are staged as: /uni25CF latent (e.g. osteochondroma); /uni25CF active (e.g. osteoid osteoma); /uni25CF aggressive (e.g. giant cell tumour).

covered incidentally . Active lesions, such as osteoid osteoma, present with mild symptoms and continue to grow . Aggressive lesions tend to grow rapidly and destroy bone. The Enneking staging system f or malignant tumours combines the local extent of the tumour and the histological grade ( Table 42.4 ). The compartment is the bone in which the tumour arises. A tumour is extracompartmental when it has breached the corte x of the bone. Most primary malignant bone tumours are Enneking stage 2B at diagnosis, meaning they have extended outside the bone of origin but metastases are not detectable. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stag ing system is also widely used. Summary box 42.7 Warning signs – bone tumour /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF

TABLE 42.4 The Enneking staging system for bone tumours. Low grade Intracompartmental 1A Extracompartmental 1B High grade Intracompartmental 2A Extracompartmental 2B Any grade Metastases 3 Non-mechanical bone pain Especially around the knee in young adolescents Concerning radiographs

Staging of primary bone tumours

In the Enneking system, benign tumours are staged as: /uni25CF latent (e.g. osteochondroma); /uni25CF active (e.g. osteoid osteoma); /uni25CF aggressive (e.g. giant cell tumour).

covered incidentally . Active lesions, such as osteoid osteoma, present with mild symptoms and continue to grow . Aggressive lesions tend to grow rapidly and destroy bone. The Enneking staging system f or malignant tumours combines the local extent of the tumour and the histological grade ( Table 42.4 ). The compartment is the bone in which the tumour arises. A tumour is extracompartmental when it has breached the corte x of the bone. Most primary malignant bone tumours are Enneking stage 2B at diagnosis, meaning they have extended outside the bone of origin but metastases are not detectable. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stag ing system is also widely used. Summary box 42.7 Warning signs – bone tumour /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF

TABLE 42.4 The Enneking staging system for bone tumours. Low grade Intracompartmental 1A Extracompartmental 1B High grade Intracompartmental 2A Extracompartmental 2B Any grade Metastases 3 Non-mechanical bone pain Especially around the knee in young adolescents Concerning radiographs