Uptake of robotic surgery

Uptake of robotic surgery

Many surgical specialties have embraced robot-assisted techniques, including general surgery , cardiothoracic surgery , urology , orthopaedics, ear, nose and throat surgery , gynaecol ogy and paediatric surgery . Specialties that use microsurgical techniques also benefit from this technology . Current robotic systems were designed to o ff er multifunctionality , including multianatomy and specialty capability in both operating thea tre and remote environments. Currently , despite a small number of reports of remote surgical procedures, robotic surgery remains focused on in-house operating. New entrants In 2017, Intuitive Surgical released the da Vinci X, a low-cost entry point in its robotic surgical portfolio that includes features of the Xi while sacrificing some flexibility in terms of multi- quadrant surgery . In the same year, Korean company Meere gained a licence for the use of its surgical robot, the REVO-I, by the local Ministry for Food and Drug Safety . Similar to the da Vinci, this four-arm robot is mounted on a single cart. The surgeon is seated at an open vision cart and, by use of 3D glasses, can achieve three-dimensional high-definition (3D-HD) vision. In March 2019, CMR Surgical received a European CE mark for its novel modular robot, the V ersius ( Figure 10.4 ). This system incorporates individual cart-mounted modular robotic arms that can be configured to fit the procedure and the operating room environment. The design di ff ers from other robotic arms in that it aims to more closely mimic a human ar m, improving freedom of port placement. Its vision cart similarly allows for ergonomic operating with 3D-HD vision, through the use of 3D glasses. Bridging the gap between laparoscopic and robotic surgery ® the Senhance robotic system received its CE mark in 2016. In order to reduce cost and sustain familiarity with conven tional laparoscopy , the system uses independent robotic arms mounted on separate carts that can be placed in accordance with the procedure required. T he system utilises reusable non wristed instruments that can be inserted through standard system also creates familiarity with conventional laparoscopy and facilitates hybrid techniques where this may be beneficial. Surgery is enhanced though a 3D-HD system with the use of 3D glasses and eye-tracking camera control. As the field of robotic surgery continues to expand and innovate, there also remain a number of systems in devel - opment that are not yet approv ed for clinical use. Examples - similar to existing technologies include the Medtronic Hugo Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) system, which was launched in late 2019. This modular system aims to provide a low er cost alternative by means of a more readily upgradeable model that may be used flexibly across surgical specialties and procedures. Moving forward, companies such as V erb Surgical strive to build on the currently dominant master–slave model, incorpo - rating robotic autonomy and machine learning. While this may in time revolutionise robotic surgery , such technologies remain in the early phase of development.

Figure 10.4 The Versius robotic system (courtesy of CMR Surgical).

Uptake of robotic surgery

Many surgical specialties have embraced robot-assisted techniques, including general surgery , cardiothoracic surgery , urology , orthopaedics, ear, nose and throat surgery , gynaecol ogy and paediatric surgery . Specialties that use microsurgical techniques also benefit from this technology . Current robotic systems were designed to o ff er multifunctionality , including multianatomy and specialty capability in both operating thea tre and remote environments. Currently , despite a small number of reports of remote surgical procedures, robotic surgery remains focused on in-house operating. New entrants In 2017, Intuitive Surgical released the da Vinci X, a low-cost entry point in its robotic surgical portfolio that includes features of the Xi while sacrificing some flexibility in terms of multi- quadrant surgery . In the same year, Korean company Meere gained a licence for the use of its surgical robot, the REVO-I, by the local Ministry for Food and Drug Safety . Similar to the da Vinci, this four-arm robot is mounted on a single cart. The surgeon is seated at an open vision cart and, by use of 3D glasses, can achieve three-dimensional high-definition (3D-HD) vision. In March 2019, CMR Surgical received a European CE mark for its novel modular robot, the V ersius ( Figure 10.4 ). This system incorporates individual cart-mounted modular robotic arms that can be configured to fit the procedure and the operating room environment. The design di ff ers from other robotic arms in that it aims to more closely mimic a human ar m, improving freedom of port placement. Its vision cart similarly allows for ergonomic operating with 3D-HD vision, through the use of 3D glasses. Bridging the gap between laparoscopic and robotic surgery ® the Senhance robotic system received its CE mark in 2016. In order to reduce cost and sustain familiarity with conven tional laparoscopy , the system uses independent robotic arms mounted on separate carts that can be placed in accordance with the procedure required. T he system utilises reusable non wristed instruments that can be inserted through standard system also creates familiarity with conventional laparoscopy and facilitates hybrid techniques where this may be beneficial. Surgery is enhanced though a 3D-HD system with the use of 3D glasses and eye-tracking camera control. As the field of robotic surgery continues to expand and innovate, there also remain a number of systems in devel - opment that are not yet approv ed for clinical use. Examples - similar to existing technologies include the Medtronic Hugo Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) system, which was launched in late 2019. This modular system aims to provide a low er cost alternative by means of a more readily upgradeable model that may be used flexibly across surgical specialties and procedures. Moving forward, companies such as V erb Surgical strive to build on the currently dominant master–slave model, incorpo - rating robotic autonomy and machine learning. While this may in time revolutionise robotic surgery , such technologies remain in the early phase of development.

Figure 10.4 The Versius robotic system (courtesy of CMR Surgical).

Uptake of robotic surgery

Many surgical specialties have embraced robot-assisted techniques, including general surgery , cardiothoracic surgery , urology , orthopaedics, ear, nose and throat surgery , gynaecol ogy and paediatric surgery . Specialties that use microsurgical techniques also benefit from this technology . Current robotic systems were designed to o ff er multifunctionality , including multianatomy and specialty capability in both operating thea tre and remote environments. Currently , despite a small number of reports of remote surgical procedures, robotic surgery remains focused on in-house operating. New entrants In 2017, Intuitive Surgical released the da Vinci X, a low-cost entry point in its robotic surgical portfolio that includes features of the Xi while sacrificing some flexibility in terms of multi- quadrant surgery . In the same year, Korean company Meere gained a licence for the use of its surgical robot, the REVO-I, by the local Ministry for Food and Drug Safety . Similar to the da Vinci, this four-arm robot is mounted on a single cart. The surgeon is seated at an open vision cart and, by use of 3D glasses, can achieve three-dimensional high-definition (3D-HD) vision. In March 2019, CMR Surgical received a European CE mark for its novel modular robot, the V ersius ( Figure 10.4 ). This system incorporates individual cart-mounted modular robotic arms that can be configured to fit the procedure and the operating room environment. The design di ff ers from other robotic arms in that it aims to more closely mimic a human ar m, improving freedom of port placement. Its vision cart similarly allows for ergonomic operating with 3D-HD vision, through the use of 3D glasses. Bridging the gap between laparoscopic and robotic surgery ® the Senhance robotic system received its CE mark in 2016. In order to reduce cost and sustain familiarity with conven tional laparoscopy , the system uses independent robotic arms mounted on separate carts that can be placed in accordance with the procedure required. T he system utilises reusable non wristed instruments that can be inserted through standard system also creates familiarity with conventional laparoscopy and facilitates hybrid techniques where this may be beneficial. Surgery is enhanced though a 3D-HD system with the use of 3D glasses and eye-tracking camera control. As the field of robotic surgery continues to expand and innovate, there also remain a number of systems in devel - opment that are not yet approv ed for clinical use. Examples - similar to existing technologies include the Medtronic Hugo Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) system, which was launched in late 2019. This modular system aims to provide a low er cost alternative by means of a more readily upgradeable model that may be used flexibly across surgical specialties and procedures. Moving forward, companies such as V erb Surgical strive to build on the currently dominant master–slave model, incorpo - rating robotic autonomy and machine learning. While this may in time revolutionise robotic surgery , such technologies remain in the early phase of development.

Figure 10.4 The Versius robotic system (courtesy of CMR Surgical).