Monitoring and care during anaesthesia

Monitoring and care during anaesthesia

A minimum basic monitoring of cardiovascular parameters is required during surgery . This includes: /uni25CF vascular /uni25CF electrocardiogram (ECG); /uni25CF blood pressure; /uni25CF adequacy of ventilation: /uni25CF inspired oxygen concentration; /uni25CF oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry; /uni25CF end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration. Monitors of temperature, ventilation parameters and delivery of anaesthetic agents are also routinely used, while measurement of urine output and central venous pressure are recommended for major surgery . Friedrich Trendelenburg , 1844–1924, successively Professor of Surgery at Rostock (1875–1882), Bonn (1822–1895) and Leipzig (1895–1911), Germany . The Trendelenburg position was first described in 1885. /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF Summary box 23.7 - Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation /uni25CF /uni25CF ed - /uni25CF -

Disadvantages Muscle pain, hyperkalaemia, prolonged apnoea and life-threatening malignant hyperthermia Dependent on hepatic metabolism and renal clearance; hence, caution if hepatic and renal impairment Histamine release and allergic reactions Allergic reactions Excreted unchanged via bile and urine Volume controlled, which ensures adequate gas entry but risks high-pressure damage Pressure controlled, which avoids high-pressure damage but risks inadequate ventilation PEEP reduces alveolar collapse and reduces vascular shunting so improving perfusion

Monitoring and care during anaesthesia

A minimum basic monitoring of cardiovascular parameters is required during surgery . This includes: /uni25CF vascular /uni25CF electrocardiogram (ECG); /uni25CF blood pressure; /uni25CF adequacy of ventilation: /uni25CF inspired oxygen concentration; /uni25CF oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry; /uni25CF end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration. Monitors of temperature, ventilation parameters and delivery of anaesthetic agents are also routinely used, while measurement of urine output and central venous pressure are recommended for major surgery . Friedrich Trendelenburg , 1844–1924, successively Professor of Surgery at Rostock (1875–1882), Bonn (1822–1895) and Leipzig (1895–1911), Germany . The Trendelenburg position was first described in 1885. /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF Summary box 23.7 - Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation /uni25CF /uni25CF ed - /uni25CF -

Disadvantages Muscle pain, hyperkalaemia, prolonged apnoea and life-threatening malignant hyperthermia Dependent on hepatic metabolism and renal clearance; hence, caution if hepatic and renal impairment Histamine release and allergic reactions Allergic reactions Excreted unchanged via bile and urine Volume controlled, which ensures adequate gas entry but risks high-pressure damage Pressure controlled, which avoids high-pressure damage but risks inadequate ventilation PEEP reduces alveolar collapse and reduces vascular shunting so improving perfusion

Monitoring and care during anaesthesia

A minimum basic monitoring of cardiovascular parameters is required during surgery . This includes: /uni25CF vascular /uni25CF electrocardiogram (ECG); /uni25CF blood pressure; /uni25CF adequacy of ventilation: /uni25CF inspired oxygen concentration; /uni25CF oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry; /uni25CF end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration. Monitors of temperature, ventilation parameters and delivery of anaesthetic agents are also routinely used, while measurement of urine output and central venous pressure are recommended for major surgery . Friedrich Trendelenburg , 1844–1924, successively Professor of Surgery at Rostock (1875–1882), Bonn (1822–1895) and Leipzig (1895–1911), Germany . The Trendelenburg position was first described in 1885. /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF Summary box 23.7 - Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation /uni25CF /uni25CF ed - /uni25CF -

Disadvantages Muscle pain, hyperkalaemia, prolonged apnoea and life-threatening malignant hyperthermia Dependent on hepatic metabolism and renal clearance; hence, caution if hepatic and renal impairment Histamine release and allergic reactions Allergic reactions Excreted unchanged via bile and urine Volume controlled, which ensures adequate gas entry but risks high-pressure damage Pressure controlled, which avoids high-pressure damage but risks inadequate ventilation PEEP reduces alveolar collapse and reduces vascular shunting so improving perfusion