72 T_h e pancreas

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Anatomy The name ‘pancreas’ is derived from the Greek ‘pan’ (all) and ‘kre...

Acute pancreatitis Incidence Acute pancreatitis accounts for 3% of all cases of abdominal pain ...

Annular pancreas This is the result of failure of complete rotation of the ventral pancreatic ...

CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths in men ...

CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES Cystic fibrosis This is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. It...

Chronic pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory disease in which there is ...

Clinical features Jaundice secondary to obstruction of the distal bile duct is the most common ...

Ectopic pancreas Islands of ectopic pancreatic tissue can be found in the submu - cosa in parts...

Endoscopic ultrasonography Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is performed using a special endoscop...

FURTHER READING Braganza JM, Lee SH, McCloy RF , McMahon MJ. Chronic pancreati - tis. Lancet 2011...

INJURIES TO THE PANCREAS External injury Presentation and management The pancreas is not frequent...

INVESTIGATIONS Estimation of pancreatic enzymes in body fluids Investigations of the pancreas are...

Iatrogenic injury This can occur in several ways: /uni25CF Injury to the tail of the pancreas du...

Imaging investigations Ultrasonography Ultrasonography is the initial investigation of choice in...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

Investigations In a jaundiced patient, the usual blood tests and ultrasound scan should be perfor...

Learning objectives To understand: The anatomy and physiology of the pancreas • Investigations of...

Management At presentation, more than 85% of patients with ductal adeno carcinoma are unsuitable...

Outcomes and follow-up of acute pancreatitis The overall mortality from acute pancreatitis has re...

PANCREATITIS Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. For clinical purposes, it...

Pancreas divisum Pancreas divisum occurs when the embryological ventral and dorsal parts of the ...

Pancreatic function tests Pancreatic exocrine function can be assessed by directly measuring panc...

Pancreatic fistula Pancreatic fistula usually follows operative trauma to the gland or occurs as a ...

Pathology More than 85% of pancreatic cancers are ductal adeno carcinomas. The remaining tumours ...

Physiology In response to a meal, the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes in an alkaline (pH /uni...

pancreas This sometimes accompanies congenital disease of the kidneys and liver and occurs as pa...