Presentation

Presentation

Patients most commonly present with painless haematuria (in 85%). Storage LUTS of frequency , urgency , dysuria and recurrent UTI may be present. Rarely , patients may present

Urinary bladder staging Tis: urothelial carcinoma in situ Ta: non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma T1: invasive into lamina Tis propria Ta T1 T2a: invasive into inner T2a half of muscularis propria T2b T2b: invasive into outer T3a half of muscularis propria T3b T3a: microscopic invasion in perivesical soft tissue T4 T3b: macroscopic invasion in perivesical soft tissue T4: invasion into adjacent organs Discontinuous involvement of urethra is assigned a separate urethra stage per the urethral staging system oduced with permission from Magers MJ, Lopez-Beltran A, Montir oni R et

oedema in advanced cases.