TRANSFUSION

TRANSFUSION

The transfusion of blood and blood products has become commonplace since the first successful transfusion in 1818. Although the incidence of severe transfusion reactions and infections is now very low , in recent years it has become - apparent that there is an immunological price to be paid for the transfusion of heterologous blood, leading to increased morbidity and decreased survival in certain population groups (trauma, malignancy). Supplies are also limited, and therefore the use of blood and blood products must always be judicious and justifiable for clinical need ( Table 2.5 ). - - -

TABLE 2.5 History of blood transfusion. 1492 Pope Innocent VIII suffers a stroke and receives a blood transfusion from three 10-year-old boys (paid a ducat each). All three boys died, as did the pope later that year 1665 Richard Lower in Oxford conducts the /f_i rst successful canine transfusions 1667 Jean-Baptiste Denis reports successful sheep–human transfusions 1678 Animal–human transfusions are banned in France because of the poor results 1818 James Blundell performs the /f_i rst successful documented human transfusion in a woman suffering postpartum haemorrhage. She received blood from her husband and survived 1901 Karl Landsteiner discovers the ABO system 1914 The Belgian physician Albert Hustin performed the /f_i rst non-direct transfusion, using sodium citrate as an anticoagulant 1926 The British Red Cross instituted the /f_i rst blood transfusion service in the world 1939 The rhesus system was identi /f_i ed and recognised as the major cause of transfusion reactions

TRANSFUSION

The transfusion of blood and blood products has become commonplace since the first successful transfusion in 1818. Although the incidence of severe transfusion reactions and infections is now very low , in recent years it has become - apparent that there is an immunological price to be paid for the transfusion of heterologous blood, leading to increased morbidity and decreased survival in certain population groups (trauma, malignancy). Supplies are also limited, and therefore the use of blood and blood products must always be judicious and justifiable for clinical need ( Table 2.5 ). - - -

TABLE 2.5 History of blood transfusion. 1492 Pope Innocent VIII suffers a stroke and receives a blood transfusion from three 10-year-old boys (paid a ducat each). All three boys died, as did the pope later that year 1665 Richard Lower in Oxford conducts the /f_i rst successful canine transfusions 1667 Jean-Baptiste Denis reports successful sheep–human transfusions 1678 Animal–human transfusions are banned in France because of the poor results 1818 James Blundell performs the /f_i rst successful documented human transfusion in a woman suffering postpartum haemorrhage. She received blood from her husband and survived 1901 Karl Landsteiner discovers the ABO system 1914 The Belgian physician Albert Hustin performed the /f_i rst non-direct transfusion, using sodium citrate as an anticoagulant 1926 The British Red Cross instituted the /f_i rst blood transfusion service in the world 1939 The rhesus system was identi /f_i ed and recognised as the major cause of transfusion reactions

TRANSFUSION

The transfusion of blood and blood products has become commonplace since the first successful transfusion in 1818. Although the incidence of severe transfusion reactions and infections is now very low , in recent years it has become - apparent that there is an immunological price to be paid for the transfusion of heterologous blood, leading to increased morbidity and decreased survival in certain population groups (trauma, malignancy). Supplies are also limited, and therefore the use of blood and blood products must always be judicious and justifiable for clinical need ( Table 2.5 ). - - -

TABLE 2.5 History of blood transfusion. 1492 Pope Innocent VIII suffers a stroke and receives a blood transfusion from three 10-year-old boys (paid a ducat each). All three boys died, as did the pope later that year 1665 Richard Lower in Oxford conducts the /f_i rst successful canine transfusions 1667 Jean-Baptiste Denis reports successful sheep–human transfusions 1678 Animal–human transfusions are banned in France because of the poor results 1818 James Blundell performs the /f_i rst successful documented human transfusion in a woman suffering postpartum haemorrhage. She received blood from her husband and survived 1901 Karl Landsteiner discovers the ABO system 1914 The Belgian physician Albert Hustin performed the /f_i rst non-direct transfusion, using sodium citrate as an anticoagulant 1926 The British Red Cross instituted the /f_i rst blood transfusion service in the world 1939 The rhesus system was identi /f_i ed and recognised as the major cause of transfusion reactions