Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis

This condition is prevalent in Africa, Asia and South America. It is caused by infection with Schistosoma mansoni in 75% of cases and by Schistosoma haematobium in the remainder. Splenic enlargement may result from portal hypertension associated with hepatic fibrosis, but can also result from hyperplasia induced by the phagocytosis of disintegrated worms, ova and toxin. Splenomegaly can occur at any age. The diagnosis is based on examination of the urine and faeces for ova, abnor - mal liver function tests and the presence of hypochromic anaemia. Successful medical treatment does not result in the regres - sion of splenomegaly . Removal of a painful spleen may be indi - cated or as part of a devascularisation procedure in patients with associated portal hypertension.