49 T_h e eye and orbit

Acute angle closure This usually occurs in older, often hypermetropic, patients. The prevalence i...

Adults Malignant melanoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of the eye and originates ...

Blunt injuries to the eye and orbit The floor of the orbit is its weakest wall and in blunt traum...

Blunt ocular injuries Blunt injuries to the eye can give rise to several problems, which include ...

Burns Radiation burns Corneal injury may occur after exposure to ultraviolet radia - tion, for ex...

Conjunctivitis Symptoms are grittiness, redness and discharge. Causes are infective, chemical, al...

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE ACUTE RED EYE This is important in the management of minor ocular ...

Diagnostic aids Diagnostic aids include radiography , CT , MRI, ultrasonogra phy and, less common...

FURTHER READING Denniston A, Murray P . Oxford handbook of ophthalmology , 4th edn. Ox - ford: O...

INJURIES INVOL VING THE EYE AND ADJACENT STRUCTURES Corneal abrasions and ulceration The cornea i...

INJURIES INVOL VING THE EYE AND ADJACENT STRUCTURES Corneal abrasions and ulceration The cornea i...

INTRAOCULAR TUMOURS Children Retinoblastoma, the most common ocular malignancy of childhood, is a...

Incision and curettage of chalazion (meibomian cyst) The lid margin is everted to allow the appli...

Incision and curettage of chalazion (meibomian cyst) The lid margin is everted to allow the appli...

Intraocular foreign bodies Intraocular foreign bodies must always be excluded when patients atten...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

LASERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY Blue-green lasers (argon or frequency-doubled YAG) or diode lasers are us...

Lacrimal system The almond-shaped lacrimal gland lies under the upper outer orbital rim and opens...

Learning objectives To understand and appreciate: The anatomy of the eye and orbit • The common o...

Neurofibromatosis Neurofibromatosis may also produce swellings above the eye. The diagnosis can usu...

OCULAR ANATOMY Adnexae The lids comprise skin, connective tissue, the orbicularis oculi (cranial ...

Orbit The orbit is four-sided and pyramidal in structure, housing the globe, optic nerve, the fou...

Orbital swellings Orbital swellings result in displacement of the globe and limitation of movem...

Other lid swellings Other types of lid swelling are less common. They include squamous cell carc...

PERIORBITAL AND ORBITAL SWELLINGS Swellings related to the supraorbital margin Dermoid cysts Derm...

PERIORBITAL AND ORBITAL SWELLINGS Swellings related to the supraorbital margin Dermoid cysts Derm...

Penetrating eye injuries These occur when the globe is penetrated, often in road tra ffi c and othe...

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EYE SURGERY In the last three decades, eye surgery has become a micro surg...

SURGICAL PROCEDURES Excision of an eyeball/enucleation Indications include a blind, painful eye, ...

SURGICAL PROCEDURES Excision of an eyeball/enucleation Indications include a blind, painful eye, ...

Subconjunctival haemorrhage This presents as a bright red eye, often noticed incidentally with on...

Swellings of the lacrimal system Lacrimal sac mucocele This occurs from obstruction of the lacri...

Swellings of the lacrimal system Lacrimal sac mucocele This occurs from obstruction of the lacri...

Swellings of the lids Meibomian cysts (chalazion) These are the most common lid swellings ( Figur...

The globe The cornea is the 12-mm-diameter window of the eye, 550 /uni00A0 µm thick centrally on...

Treatment Treatment is directed to the cause of the lesion, taking care to prevent exposure of ...

Uveitis This can be anterior (iritis) or, more rarely , posterior. In anterior uveitis, the pupil...