86 T_h e testis and scrotum

Absent testis ‘Vanishing’ testis describes a condition in which a testis devel ops but disappears...

CYSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EPIDIDYMIS There are several types of cyst associated with the epididy...

Carcinoma of the scrotum ‘Chimney sweep’s cancer’ was the first reported occupational cancer (desc...

Classification and pathology Tumours of the testis are classified according to their predom inant ...

Clinical features When assessing a child with suspected testicular maldescent, it is helpful to h...

Consequences Infertility Men with undescended testes may have reduced fertility , even after orch...

Differential diagnosis Skin redness and mild pyrexia may result in the condition being confused w...

Epididymal cysts These are filled with a clear fluid. They are very common, usually multiple and va...

FURTHER READING Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C (eds). TNM classification of malignant...

Filarial hydroceles and chyloceles Filarial hydroceles and chyloceles account for up to 80% of hy...

HYDROCELE Definition A hydrocele is an abnormal collection of serous fluid in a part of the proces...

INCOMPLETE DESCENT OF THE TESTIS Definition Incomplete descent of the testis, also known as crypt...

INFECTIONS OF THE TESTIS AND EPIDIDYMIS Epididymo-orchitis Definition Inflammation confined to the e...

Impalpable testis For non-palpable testes under anaesthesia, diagnostic laparos - copy is recomme...

Incidence About 3% of full-term and 30% of premature male infants are born with one or both tes...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

Investigation and staging The diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasound scanning of the testis ( Figur...

Learning objectives To diagnose and manage: Testicular maldescent • Testicular torsion • Common s...

Management The management of the case should be determined primarily on clinical grounds. While ...

Medical treatment There is little evidence currently for hormonal therapy to induce testicular de...

Other common forms of orchitis Mumps orchitis, which is the most common form of orchitis, - deve...

Pathology The condition is more common on the right and is bilateral in 20% of cases. In adults, ...

Pathophysiology Torsion of the testis is uncommon because the normal testis is anchored and cann...

Spermatocele This is a unilocular retention cyst derived from a portion of the sperm-conducting ...

Surgical treatment Orchidopexy Orchidopexy is usually performed between 6 and 18 months of age i...

THE SCROTUM Fournier’s gangrene Fournier’s gangrene is an uncommon and nasty condition ( Figure 8...

TORSION OF THE TESTIS De�nition Testicular torsion is the twisting of the spermatic cord and i...

TRAUMA TO THE TESTIS The testis can be damaged either by blunt or by penetrating trauma. Injuries...

Testicular tumours in children Paediatric testicular tumours are distinct from adult testicular ...

Treatment Varicocele repair can be e ff ective in men with a low sperm count, a clinical varicocel...

Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis Chronic tuberculous epididymo-orchitis usually begins - insidious...

VARICOCELE De�nition A varicocele is an abnormal dilatation and enlargement of the scrotal ven...

Varicoceles and infertility Varicoceles are present in 10–20% of adult men and in over 25% of me...