84 T_h e prostate and seminal vesicles

ASSESSMENT OF THE PATIENT WITH LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS History Symptom score sheets such as ...

Abdominal examination Abdominal examination is usually normal. In patients with chronic retention...

Acute retention The management of retention is discussed in detail in Chapter 83 . Once the blad...

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA Aetiology Hormones Serum testosterone levels slowly but significantly...

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA OR BLADDER OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION Strong indications for treatment (usu...

BLADDER OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION CAUSED BY THE BLADDER NECK Aetiology This condition usually occurs in...

Bladder outflow obstruction This is a urodynamic concept based on the combination of low flow rates...

Blood tests Serum creatinine, electrolytes and haemoglobin should be measured.

Bone scan Once the diagnosis has been established, if metastatic spread is suspected (on the bas...

CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE Carcinoma of the prostate is the most common malignant tumour in men o...

Chronic prostatitis Many urologists find the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis and ‘prostatodynia’...

Clinical features Prostatic calculi are usually symptomless, being discovered on TRUS, on radiogr...

Clinical syndromes Owing to muscle hypertrophy or dyssynergia Marion described a series of cases...

Complications of prostatec tomy Local Haemorrhage is a major risk following prostatectomy what - ...

Considerations for elective treatment in men with LUTS secondary to BPH The following questions s...

Corpora amylaceae Corpora amylaceae are tiny calcified lamellated bodies found in the glandular al...

Counselling men undergoing prostatectomy Men undergoing prostatectomy need to be advised about th...

Cross-sectional imaging with magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasound MRI with a hig...

Cystourethroscopy Inspection of the urethra, the prostate and the urothelium of the bladder sho...

Effects of benign prostatic hyperplasia It is important to realise that the relationship between ...

Examination of urine The urine is examined for glucose, leukocyte esterase and blood; a midstream...

FURTHER READING Mundy AR, Fitzpatrick J, Neal DE, George NJ (eds). The scientific basis of urolog...

Flow rate measurement For this to be meaningful, two or three voids should be recorded using a sp...

General blood tests These are normal in early disease but, in metastatic disease, there may be le...

General complications Death occurs in about 0.2–0.3% of men undergoing elective prostatectomy . ...

Histological appearances The prostate is a glandular structure consisting of ducts and acini; th...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

Learning objectives To understand: The relationship of anatomical structure and biochemical • f...

Liver function tests These will be abnormal if there is extensive metastatic invasion of the li...

Lower urinary tract symptoms In both sexes, non-specific symptoms of bladder dysfunction become m...

MANAGEMENT OF MEN WITH e

Methods of performing prostatectomy The prostate can be approached (1) transurethrally (TURP); (2...

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging mpMRI is an investigation to diagnose an early prostat...

PROSTATIC CALCULI Prostatic calculi are of two varieties: endogenous, which are common, and exog...

PROSTATITIS In both acute and chronic prostatitis, the seminal vesicles and posterior urethra are...

Pathology BPH a ff ects both glandular epithelium and connective tissue stroma to variable degrees...

Positron emission tomography scan In prostate cancer gallium-labelled prostate-specific membrane a...

Prostate-specific antigen This is discussed earlier in this chapter. It is good at follow ing the ...

Prostatic abscess In addition to the foregoing symptoms and signs, the advent of a prostatic abs...

Prostatic biopsy If there is suspicion of prostate cancer, because of local findings, a raised ...

Prostatodynia This diagnosis is made by the presence of perigenital pain in the absence of any ...

Radiological examination Radiographs of the chest may reveal metastases in either the lung fields...

Rectal examination Rectal examination can detect nodules within the prostate and advanced disease...

Screening for prostate cancer Prostate cancer screening with PSA is controversial and the test do...

Serum prostate-specific antigen After suitable counselling, measurement of serum PSA may be helpf...

Staging using the tumour–node– metastasis (TNM) system The TNM staging system for prostate cancer...

Summary of treatment for carcinoma of the prostate /uni25CF Low-risk disease . For men in their s...

The nervous system The nervous system is examined to eliminate a neurological lesion. Diabetes me...

Treatment of prostatic calculi Prostatic calculi usually require no treatment. Conservative measu...

Treatment The management of these patients depends on achieving an accurate diagnosis. For this,...

Upper tract imaging Most urologists no longer carry out imaging of the upper tract in men with s...

of chronic retention Men with chronic retention who have relatively low volumes of residual urin...