RHINOSINUSITIS

RHINOSINUSITIS

Rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa and is defined as the presence of nasal congestion or nasal discharge and at least one of facial pain or hyposmia with endoscopic and/or CT changes to confirm the diagnosis. It can be divided into acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) depending on the timing of symptoms. Symptoms are present for less than 12 weeks in ARS and more than 12 weeks in CRS. Austen Y oung , 1914–2005, ENT surgeon, She ffi eld, UK, first described surgical closure of the nostril for the management of atrophic rhinitis. Epistaxis /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF

The most common causes are nose picking, hypertension and anticoagulant therapy Young people bleed from the anterior septum – Kiesselbach’s plexus Elderly people bleed from the posterior part of the nose Epistaxis is ideally treated with direct cautery to the bleeding point under endoscopic guidance Silver nitrate cautery can be used to control anterior bleeding Moderate bleeding may require anterior nasal packing Severe bleeding may require anterior and posterior nasal packing Persistent bleeding may require endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation

RHINOSINUSITIS

Rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa and is defined as the presence of nasal congestion or nasal discharge and at least one of facial pain or hyposmia with endoscopic and/or CT changes to confirm the diagnosis. It can be divided into acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) depending on the timing of symptoms. Symptoms are present for less than 12 weeks in ARS and more than 12 weeks in CRS. Austen Y oung , 1914–2005, ENT surgeon, She ffi eld, UK, first described surgical closure of the nostril for the management of atrophic rhinitis. Epistaxis /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF /uni25CF

The most common causes are nose picking, hypertension and anticoagulant therapy Young people bleed from the anterior septum – Kiesselbach’s plexus Elderly people bleed from the posterior part of the nose Epistaxis is ideally treated with direct cautery to the bleeding point under endoscopic guidance Silver nitrate cautery can be used to control anterior bleeding Moderate bleeding may require anterior nasal packing Severe bleeding may require anterior and posterior nasal packing Persistent bleeding may require endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation