23 Anaesthesia and pain relief

Chronic pain Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs for more than 3 months. In ch...

Common local anaesthesia techniques Topical anaesthesia /uni25CF EMLA (eutectic mixture of local...

GENERAL ANAESTHESIA General anaesthesia is commonly described as the triad of unconsciousness, an...

HISTORY Anaesthesia, as we know it today , was first successfully demon strated by William Morton,...

Introduction No content extracted automatically.

KEY PRINCIPLES OF ANAESTHESIA Optimum patient care is dependent on a collaborative approach by th...

LOCAL ANAESTHESIA Local anaesthetic drugs ( Table 23.2 ) may be used to provide anaesthesia and a...

Learning objectives To gain an understanding of: Techniques of anaesthesia and airway maintenance...

Management of the airway during anaesthesia Loss of muscle tone as a result of general anaesthe...

Monitoring and care during anaesthesia A minimum basic monitoring of cardiovascular parameters i...

Muscle relaxation and artificial ventilation Pharmacological blockade of neuromuscular transmissi...

PAIN Pain is defined as ‘ An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resem...

PREPARATION FOR ANAESTHESIA A surgeon’s role is to carry out, in cooperation with the anaes - the...

Pain control in malignant disease Pain is a common symptom associated with cancer, even more so d...

Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs Paracetamol was first synthesised in 1878 b...

Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs Paracetamol was first synthesised in 1878 b...

Principles of chronic pain management Non-pharmacological treatment This involves a multidiscipli...

Regional anaesthesia Regional anaesthesia involves central neuraxial or peripheral nerve or plexu...

Ventilation during anaesthesia Mechanical ventilation is required when the patient’s spon taneous...