85 T_h e urethra and penis

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author is grateful to Pankaj M Joshi MBBS, MS, DNB Urology (Gold Medal), Rec...

Anatomy The female urethra is around 4 /uni00A0 cm long, extending from the bladder neck to the m...

Balanoposthitis Inflammation of the prepuce is known as posthitis; inflamma tion of the glans is ...

Buschke –Löwenstein tumour The Buschke–Löwenstein tumour is uncommon. It has the histological pat...

CARCINOMA OF THE PENIS Aetiology Circumcision soon after birth confers immunity against carci - n...

Clinical features Many patients present late as a fungating/ulcerative growth ( Figure 85.24 ), e...

Condylomata acuminata (synonym:

Congenital anomalies Posterior urethral valves The incidence of posterior urethral valves is aro...

DISEASES OF THE FORESKIN Phimosis There are physiological adhesions between the foreskin and the ...

FURTHER READING Kaisary A V , Ballaro A, Pigott K. Urology: lecture notes , 7th edn. Hoboken, NJ:...

Fracture of the penis Fracture of the penis usually occurs when the erect penis is bent suddenly...

INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION OF THE PENIS AND URETHRA Fournier’s gangrene This is progressive infec...

INJURIES OF THE PENIS Avulsion of the skin of the penis Entanglement of clothing in rotating mac...

Injuries to the male urethra Bulbar urethral trauma The patient usually gives a history of a fal...

CH A P T E R

Investigations A biopsy should be performed. MRI is performed for local staging. Assessment of l...

Learning objectives To recognise and understand: The common congenital anomalies of the urethra â...

Malignant melanoma of the penis This is an uncommon tumour with the principles of manage - ment ...

Other abnormalities of the penis Erectile dysfunction ED is failure to attain or maintain an erec...

Other conditions of the urethra Urethral fistula This is seen after failed hypospadias surgery ( F...

Paraphimosis A tight foreskin once retracted may be di ffi cult to return and a paraphimosis result...

Pathology Carcinoma of the penis is most typically a squamous cell carcinoma arising in the skin...

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (carcinoma in situ of the penis, Bowen’s disease, erythroplasia ...

Periurethral abscess Periurethral abscesses were once common with high morbid ity but are now rar...

Phimosis in adults Scarring in adults occurs as a result of balanitis (inflammation of the glans...

Phimosis in boys In true phimosis the prepuce does not retract ( Figure 85.13 This may result in ...

Reiter’s disease (synonym: sexually

Short frenulum Phimosis should not be confused with the condition where the frenulum is short. I...

Strangulation of the penis Strangulation of the penis is caused by rings placed on the penis, us...

T H E P E N I S Anatomy The penis is a sexual organ and composed of three tubular structures. ...

THE MALE URETHRA Anatomy The male urethra is a fibromuscular tube that extends from the bladder ne...

Treatment Management is divided into treatment of the primary tumour and treatment of the ingui...

Tropical sexually transmitted infections Lymphogranuloma venereum Lymphogranuloma venereum is a s...

Urethral discharge The commonest cause of urethral discharge in men is urethritis; the two commo...

acquired reactive arthritis) Reiter’s disease is an autoimmune disease characterised by the triad...

genital warts) Genital warts are caused by infection with HPV and are sexu - ally transmitted. In...