6 T ropical infections and infestations
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors acknowledge the contribution of Professor Ahmed Hassan Fahal MBBS, F...
AMOEBIASIS Introduction
AMOEBIASIS Introduction Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica. The disease is common in t...
ASIATIC CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS Introduction
ASIATIC CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS Introduction This disease, also called oriental cholangiohepatitis, is...
Aetiology and pathology
Aetiology and pathology Cassava (tapioca) is a root vegetable that is readily available and inexp...
Amoeboma
Amoeboma This is a chronic granuloma arising in the large bowel, most commonly seen in the caecum...
Classification
Classification In 2003, the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinoco - ccosis (WHO-IWGE) proposed a ...
Clinical features and diagnosis
Clinical features and diagnosis The disease is slowly progressive and a ff ects the skin, upper re...
Clinical features
Clinical features The typical patient with an amoebic liver abscess is a young adult male with a ...
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation As mycetoma is painless, presentation is late in the majority . It presents...
Culture
Culture A variety of microorganisms are capable of producing myce - tomata that can be identified ...
Diagnosis
Diagnosis The disease may remain dormant for many years. Clinical features are non-specific and in...
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis Mycetoma should be distinguished from Kaposi’s sarcoma, malignant melanoma...
Epidemiology and pathogenesis
Epidemiology and pathogenesis The condition predominantly occurs in the ‘mycetoma belt’ that lies...
FILARIASIS Introduction
FILARIASIS Introduction Filariasis is mainly caused by the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti , which ...
FURTHER READING
FURTHER READING AMOEBIASIS Barnes SA, Lillemore KD. Liver abscess and hydatid disease In: Zinner ...
Fine-needle aspiration cytology
Fine-needle aspiration cytology Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can yield an accurate diag...
HYDATID DISEASE
HYDATID DISEASE HYDATID DISEASE HYDATID DISEASE
Histopathological diagnosis
Histopathological diagnosis Deep biopsy is obtained under general or regional anaesthesia, althou...
Imaging techniques
Imaging techniques On ultrasonography , an abscess cavity in the liver is seen as a - hypoechoic ...
Introduction and pathology
Introduction and pathology Hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, commonly calle...
Introduction
INTRODUCTION Most surgical conditions in the tropics (regions of the Earth surrounding the equat...
Investigations
Investigations The haematological and biochemical investigations reflect the presence of a chroni...
LEPROSY Introduction
LEPROSY Introduction Leprosy , also called Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease caus...
Learning objectives
Learning objectives To be able to list: The common surgical infections and infestations that • oc...
MYCETOMA Introduction
MYCETOMA Introduction Mycetoma is a chronic, specific, granulomatous, progressive, destructive infl...
Management
Management Surgical management is directed mainly towards the rehabili - tation of the patient wh...
POLIOMYELITIS Introduction
POLIOMYELITIS Introduction Poliomyelitis is an enteroviral infection that sadly still a ff ects ch...
Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis y are The organism enters the gut through food or water contam - inated with the cys...
Pathology and life cycle
Pathology and life cycle The fertilised eggs can survive in a hostile environment for a long time...
Pathology
Pathology In humans, the parasite matures into the adult worm in the intrahepatic biliary radicle...
Pulmonary hydatid disease
Pulmonary hydatid disease The lung is the second commonest organ a ff ected after the liver. The s...
ROUNDWORM ( ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES ) Introduction
ROUNDWORM ( ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES ) Introduction Ascaris lumbricoides, commonly called the roundwo...
Spread
Spread Local spread occurs predominantly along tissue planes. The organism multiplies to form col...
Surgical treatment
Surgical treatment Surgery is indicated for small, localised lesions, resistance to medical treat...
TROPICAL CHRONIC PANCREATITIS Introduction
TROPICAL CHRONIC PANCREATITIS Introduction Tropical chronic pancreatitis is a disease a ff ecting ...
TUBERCULOSIS OF SMALL INTESTINE Introduction
TUBERCULOSIS OF SMALL INTESTINE Introduction Infection by M. tuberculosis is common in the tropic...
TUBERCULOSIS
TUBERCULOSIS Although tuberculosis can a ff ect all systems in the body , in the tropical world th...
TUBERCULOUS CERVICAL LY M P H A D E N I T I S Intr
TUBERCULOUS CERVICAL LY M P H A D E N I T I S Introduction This is common in the Indian subcontin...
TUBERCULOUS CERVICAL LY M P H A D E N I T I S Introduction
TUBERCULOUS CERVICAL LY M P H A D E N I T I S Introduction This is common in the Indian subcontin...
TYPHOID Introduction
TYPHOID Introduction Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella Typhi , also called the typhoid bacill...
Treatment
Treatment Medical treatment is very e ff ective and should be the first choice in the elective situ...