8 Diagnostic imaging

Aggressive bone disease The radiograph is the first imaging technique for destructive lesions in b...

Articular cartilage damage Articular surface disease is di ffi cult to detect using non-invasive te...

Basic principles of imaging methods Conventional radiography Although it is over 120 years since ...

Bowel obstruction The plain abdominal radiograph is a useful tool in diagnosing bowel obstruction...

Computed tomography There has been a great deal of development in CT technology over the last 30...

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Degenerative disease Synovitis Radiographs are usually the first-line imaging investigation perfor...

F U R T H E R R E A D I N G Adam A, Dixon AK (eds). Grainger and Allison’s diagnostic radiology:...

Gastrointestinal haemorrhage The aetiology of acute gastrointestinal (GI) haemorrhage varies bet...

HAZARDS OF IMAGING Contrast media There has been a dramatic increase in the use of contrast agen...

HAZARDS OF IONISING RADIATION The majority of ionising radiation comes from natural sources on E...

III IVb I Figure 8.42 (a) Surgical lobes of the liver (after Couinaud). IVC, inferior vena cava; ...

IMAGING IN COMMON SURGICAL CLINICAL SCENARIOS In this section the roles of di ff erent radiologic...

IMAGING IN ONCOLOGY Modern surgical treatment of cancer requires an understand - - ing of tumou...

INTERPRETING IMAGES While the role of the imaging department is to provide - radiological repor...

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Infection In the early stages of joint infection, the plain films may be normal, but they should ...

INTRODUCTION Appropriate surgical management of the patient relies on correct diagnosis. While c...

Inflammatory processes Appendicitis Historically , a straightforward clinical diagnosis of append...

Ischaemia/infarction The most useful test when bowel ischaemia or infarction is suspected is a CT...

Learning objectives To understand: The advantages of good working relationships and close • colla...

Magnetic resonance imaging The value of immediate MRI in trauma is relatively limited and is lar...

Mass lesions Mass lesions in muscle and soft tissue are examined by ultra - sound, which can be d...

Metabolic bone disease Plain radiographs should be the first images of patients with metabolic bo...

Metastases The demonstration of metastatic disease will usually signifi cantly a ff ect surgical m...

Nodes Accurate assessment of nodal involvement remains a chal - lenge for imaging. Most imaging...

Perforation The erect chest x-ray (CXR) is the ideal first test for hollow organ perforation and a...

Plain radiographs Conventional radiography allows rapid assessment of the major injuries and can...

REQUESTING IMAGING Best practice depends on close collaboration between the radiologist and the r...

SURGERY Introduction Imaging is an integral part of musculoskeletal diagnosis. Image-guided, min...

Skeletal trauma Musculoskeletal trauma is best imaged by an initial plain radiograph. All skeleta...

The acute abdomen The term ‘acute abdomen’ encompasses many diverse entities. The acute abdomen...

Tumour In most published studies, cross-sectional imaging techniques (CT , ultrasound, MRI) are m...

Ultrasound Ultrasound has an evolving role in the assessment of acutely traumatised patients. Th...

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Vascular interventional radiology With the development and refinement of CT angiography - techniq...